The Soil Centrifuge is a module which extracts resources from Terrain collected via the Canister. Currently, it can only filter normal Soil, but the developers stated that they are working on different types of Sediments.
There are two specific functions of the Soil Centrifuge:
Soil Storage: A total of 2 tanks of Soil can be stored within the extractor's tank.
Only a maximum of 8 resources can be extracted per operation.
Before 1.0, the Soil Centrifuge could create any resource, but a piece of it had to be provided first (presumably to give incentive to players to travel to other planets, rather then just synthesizing resources on the starting planet).
It was previously called the Mineral Extractor.
Media
Soil Centrifuge Icon
Experimental version of the Mineral Extractor, previously referred as sediment processor
The pre-basebuilding update version of the mineral extractor